Logical grounds

The view that some facts obtain in virtue of other facts is both natural and plausible. Causal examples come to mind: if an event e caused an event f , then it sounds correct to say that the fact that f occurred obtains in virtue of the fact that e occurred—or, to put it in a less cumbersome way, that f occurred because e occurred. But many noncausal cases also come to mind, as illustrated, for example, by the following statements: • These two apples resemble each other because they have the same shape and the same colour; • Her belief that π is an irrational number is justified because it is based on reliable testimony; • You acted wrongly because your intention was to cause harm.